When describing your personality, psychologists are located - usually - two positions: the first emphasizes unity, totality and stability by determining its structure and functions (intelligence, affection, desire), and the second, the taxonomy, is concerned with identifying classifiers traits and types. Both relate to the final individual perspective, an operating section in the current state of development of personality. Discretion is the here and now and not as individual arrived at that stage.
A first attempt to explain the evolution of the individual's owe Kardiner A. (1937) who proposed the concept of basic personality, signifying elements in the psycho socio-cultural situations common to a category of individuals in a given situation. Basic personality is the result of cultural and institutional patterns of interaction provided by a company that influence the formation of personality, physical model, environmental, familial, educational, cultural, ideological, that the individual models in system design. R. Linton, in turn, develops a theory on the relationship between personality and culture. Lewin K. After two terms person and environment are interrelated, each building according to the other. Historical Materialism proposes that socio-historical primacy of the individual factor that is socially specific "transplanted" in the individual. Individual, in other words, there is a generator of personality, but a carrier of the essence "conceived" in a particular socio-cultural framework. Hence the postulated structure, organization and orientation depending on the specific personality and society class. Let us examine how the cultural environment how ideological persuasion have been understood over time.
We recorded first, the presence of the idea that the reality we call individuality and its derivatives (self, personal identity, personality) is constructed through interaction with each other. This concept is found in W. McDougall for anchoring social facts of human nature (eg "group instinct"), Floyd Allport identifying the decisive importance of learning, especially social purchases at GH Mead (1934) which stresses the interiorization itself in the construction of another opinion. From comportamentişti and interactionist to social learning theorists, we find described various ways in which interaction facilitates the acquisition of new situations. The company, of course, but it can not be reduced to "one", even if it is "generalized" (Mead) or underlined in capital: Other. Society (entourage, others) is presented as a system of social relationships, organizational structures (eg hierarchical) representation and cultural facts. The idea of another, multiplied in different ways, participate in developing "individualized construction," as called JL Beauvois (1999) this process of absorption and processing.
A line of research that won at a time, was that the importance of human groups in shaping an individual matrix. We mention here the contribution of W. Wundt, with his theory on the psychology of nations (Völkerpsychologie) which has devoted two decades (1900-1920). From this perspective have developed schemes fascinating, often marked by suspect ideology, as he called Beauvois, but legitimate "scientific", the "civilizing" of peoples by others. All cultural rankings were, in fact, a racist ideological support.
Current culturalist ("culture and personality") that did proliferate to research on psychological characteristics of human groups, which has accredited the idea of internal consistency of each culture, inspired, however, research on the differences in values between people. The papers, now classics, published by Margarit Mead, Ruth Benedict, Kardiner and Linton, resulting from research on-site showed a few ideas of this line-force approach: a) has imposed the concept of integrating the whole pattern is consistent, various aspects of a culture, b) highlighted the importance of observable social behaviors (habits, social habitudes) that can be observed, recorded and transmitted, c) individuals shared cultural positions, statuses prescribed and encourages them to play certain roles, d) major contribution of 'culturalist' is that members of a society where action is exerted fasonează cultural institutions and personalities shaping.
All this research, the anthropological bill have been incorporated and valued in social psychology the concept of cultural model, assumed a local broadcast. The contextualizează cultural social environment, providing a common reference current members are reported. The model can be presented as a set of knowledge, beliefs, values and opinions shared by a group, allowing rationalization of the gap between ideas and conduct. This cognitive process of rationalization is presented as a daily assessment of the environment as an explanation of the world, the consistency of individual behavior in different situations. R. Boudon calls "received ideas" ideological products carrying a symbolic action to members of a community, encouraging them to incorporate these products.
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