The concept of identity, social psychology, defines psihologicului with the social interaction at the level of each individual. Individual builds on itself in relation to others, to society. He formed a social conscience that motivates their personal qualities and their own existence to the existence of others. The update identification at individual, social environmental characteristics. Includes individual, the personality, social influences and representations that the socio-cultural and offer them to form "hard lump" of his thought, the manner in which they relate to others and evaluate their own position. Identity is thus the product of an interactive process between individual and social field.
The concept of identity has been approached either from the psychoanalytic perspective, the internalization of rules by itself (in this respect mention four key aspects of identity: confidence, stable nature of individual elements, ego integration, adherence to group values and identity its) or from a sociological perspective, meaning the various forms of integration into a social order. In the first case it is a synthesis of various personal items with social values (social identity is, therefore, internalization of norms, social learning). Following Erikson, identity construction is achieved through joint effort of the individual to society. We, in this case, a particular personal identity, a product often isolated context. In the second case the identity is described as a reflection dialectic, the individual, common values in a society. Identity is thus imposed by the social stimulus is a tank-type identities. Social identity is formed, in this case, the values provided by membership groups, the wider social context. The individual is "permeated" outside.
Psycho-social perspective, identity is the result of interaction between the psychological components of personality with sociological variables. The individual is asked to state as a social actor to play a social role, to engage in building social.
Companies are facing an acute problem, due to new social changes. People are asking more and more meaning and impact on community life and professional influence that it has ideologicul and politics on our conscience. Us with reference to everything that surrounds us and our development in this context, we often ask questions about our identity.
Strictly speaking, identity refers to the continuity of the fact that the individual remains the same over time, that perseveres in the formula itself. More broadly, the identity can be treated as a unifying representation of existence, the self-image and self-concept. But as far as practices related to social, cultural enrichment and social anchorage, the identity can not be limited to self-image and the transmission of cultural representations. It builds structures by assuming the roles of the social scene and recover during continued existence. Why is psycho.
In reality, individuals are not isolated units, but not merely the product of influences or social pressures. People do not live in isolation, but in a social context, belonging to groups, social and professional categories. When we examine the individual and self-concept studies and social environment which is placed the individual events he has crossed. Identity is the central node of personality which is in interaction with other personalities, social context. It is formed through a process of socialization and social comparison. It is a synthesis of the notions of self, the affirmation of self in comparison with other personalities, other selves. Meet the individual's characteristics relative to its social norms and self-representation, relative to others.
In defining the concept of identity, says Marisa Zavalloni (1973), we must take into account four dimensions:
1) consciousness of individual identity, taken as a positive feeling, present in all aspects of self,
2) personal character stability, continuity and consistency in behavior,
3) integration of self, the synthesis of self and context, 4) the ideals of solidarity and group membership identity.
Identity is not, therefore, as only personal, not just social. It brings together the subjectivity and objectivity, the individual and the social.
Psychosocial identity is the result of intersection of the social (represented by groups, institutions, communities) with the individual, bringing self-representation and others. It is a synthesis of individual essence and characteristics of a common culture between personal skills and social roles of the individual.
A concept is abandoned now that the identity be developed during the first years of life and perfected soon enough. In reality the process of identity formation is a complex process marked by discontinuities, which never ends and involves many life experiences, conflicts, transformations. It is a dynamic process in a personal context.
In adolescence, identity effort plays a crucial role since it allows the individual to integrate social requirements, marking different stages of its evolution. Sometimes, however, the process of assuming a new identity in adolescence, involves a rejection of the previous stage, a break with the parental image. To protect his new identity, the teenager is tempted to distance himself from his own childhood narcissistic identity. He rebuilds his identity to the new dominant (social, sexual) that marks his existence. The ideal self is constructed by reference to the group of friends, equals.
Affirming identity, recently wrote P. Tap (1997) includes the following dimensions:
• Ensuring that gives a sense of stability, integration in perspective and ability to develop life projects.
• Internal consistency allows the subject facility or office to find evidence of link between the various activities and events through which he passes, to make sense of his personal history.
• Diversity: the articulation of multiple identities (physical, ethnic, national, legal, cultural), their confrontation on a "territory" common.
• Autonomy and affirmation. To form, the individual is often opposed to outside pressure, it differentiates, distinguishes itself from others. Differentiation can take the form of opposition cognitive disorders. The opposite of this attitude is compliance with group expectations, passive assimilation.
Originality: singularity signifies the tendency of individuals to assert their unity.
Action is the result of ownership. States and reinforce identity by producing "masterpieces" by individual creativity.
Valuing. By action and overcoming difficult situations, the individual value on the eyes of others and his own eyes. He needs and strives to be recognized, loved, admired, accepted, confirmed. Everyone harbors a desire to assert themselves in a social context, in relation to the people you admire. Desire for change, the effort for progress stems from the same need for valuation.
To build on the individual develops an identity strategy. This is manifested through the development of individual and collective actors and expressed by the adjustments made by them every day, depending on the situations, challenges and their resources.
To enact the strategy of identity, three elements are thus required: a) actors (individuals or groups) with their specific resources, with their potential, b) where they are involved, the types of interactions that are employed and stake put into play, c) the purpose of monitoring how it allows differentiation and assimilation.
Strategies of identity behaviors are associated with active and conscious or unconscious defense mechanisms. The first are positive (differentiation, assimilation, affirmation, retreat), others have negative character: rejection, exclusion, devaluation, collusion. French psycho C. Camilleri (1990) called social actor victory identity effort to assert its own identity by engaging behaviors (individual or collective, adapted or unadapted) to finalize a draft of personal change.
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